The Forbidden Facts Regarding Operant Conditioning Essay Samples Uncovered by an Expert

The Forbidden Facts Regarding Operant Conditioning Essay Samples Uncovered by an Expert Conditioning has been quite helpful to psychologists and social workers who wish to effect behavior. Operant conditioning doesn't necessarily always supply the outcome you desire whether the kid will not go along with it. It is a totally different approach compared to Classical Conditioning. On the flip side, classical conditioning entails involuntary and automated behavior. Aspirants who want to make an application for the training programs can fill the on-line application form. The animal trainers usually create an exceptional secondary reinforcer referred to as a bridge that's a stimulus that's been linked with a main reinforcer by classical conditioning. In more specific provisions, it's a type of classical conditioning therapy that's made by Joseph Wolpe who's a South African psychiatrist. Since psychological problems are believed to be associated with chemical imbalances in the brain, drug therapy is an important treatment here. The cognitive perspective has resulted in an important qualification concerning the ability of rewards. Attachment was learnt, Dollard and Millar the two important psychologists then used what's called a secondary hypothesis to spell out the procedure for learning an attachment through both conditioning theories that are operant and classical. At our essay support, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. In a ddition, we control various forms of academic essay. But there was one other significant part the experiment. A superb illustration is when a parent agrees with their child that should they don't find excellent grades they will pay the parent a particular sum of money. They would be put in a box called the Skinner box. In this instance the dog will come to take into consideration sound of the bell whenever it's rung. The kid is probably going to perform better by working hard to find great grades. In the case of positive reinforcement, if he or she does not get good grades he or she will not lose anything. In this case, he or she may lose the privilege of watching his favorite television show. Things You Won't Like About Operant Conditioning Essay Samples and Things You Will Operant conditioning is a kind of learning where somebody's actions are reinforced or punished. There are various ways to treat and cure phobias. A secondary positive reinforcer is something that the man or animal must learn how to like. Therefore, things like motivation, disease and injury may not be thought to be a type of learning. Therefore, such individuals will always be ready to do good things. Sally suggested a change in the way in which the behaviour was rewarded. Operant behaviours are learned and are activated in order to obtain reward or to prevent punishment. This type of a behavior can likewise be utilized to alter the behavior of children. What Is So Fascinating About Operant Conditioning Essay Samples? For responses to be reinforced, information should be shown in little amounts. The very first is named Desensitization. Operant principles are applied in an assortment of settings. On the flip side, negative reinforcement has different forms of rewards and may also be effective. The 2 kinds of conditioning apply appropriately to marketing inside this maximization endeavor. In marketing, operant conditioning is intended to attain customer satisfaction. There are several different schedules of reinforcement you'll be able to follow. This approach resulted in the ABC model of behaviour administration. Operant conditioning theory may be used to change behavior. Utilizing operant conditioning techniques is a traditional process of modifying the behavior of kids and animals and this form of conditioning behavior modification can typically be observed in everyday life on a normal basis. According to Lee (2005), another weakness is related to the assumption that positive reinforcement will cause higher frequency of occurrence of the specific behavior, and that negative reinforcement will cause the decrease in frequency of occurrence of the specific behavior. Most individuals believe positive reinforcement is more effective because somebody is more inclined to repeat a behavior if there's a reward involved. For each behavior, there's a consequence. There are three primary categories reinforcement factors.

Everyman and the Bible Exploring Good Deeds, Faith, and...

God has become angry with his people. He complains in the fifteenth century English play Everyman about humans and their obsession with material items, riches, and wealth. Men and women, he feels, have taken for granted their blessings. God wants to reprimand Everyman for his sinful life and sends Death to summon him. At the beginning of the allegorical work where figures and actions symbolize general truths, a messenger shares God’s concerns. The messenger tells the audience to watch and listen closely to the morality play so they can learn a lesson about life. Everyman fears Death, and he desires to know what one must do to earn salvation and enter heaven. The writer then implies that the way to achieve salvation is by doing good works.†¦show more content†¦Doing good deeds are an important part of the Christian life, but they do not grant an entrance into God’s kingdom. Everyman, as a morality play, does still have some Biblical truth and teaches a valuable lesson about life. Thomas J. Jambeck describes Everyman as a Bernadine humanism work, a work in which a man acts as â€Å"an active agent in the work of his own redemption† (109). William Munson echoes this idea, writing that Bernadine humanism gives emphasis to a persons motive, which is the reason why a person acts the way he does (252). Both authors agree that if knowledge is what a person uses to influence his or her actions, then good works in Everyman become the play’s central theme. Knowing what to do and doing it are necessary to accomplish good works (Munson 257-58). Everyman shows the importance of Knowledge and Good Deeds acting together when he plurally addresses them when he says, now friends, let us not part in twain (Line 651). Good works become the result of the two working together. Since man has fallen after Adam and Eves original sin, Murdow William McRae argues that a true Christian must cooperate with grace; that is, he must live well in the life of grace in order to achieve heaven (723). This statement implies that good works save people from hell and allow them to dwell eternally with God. When Everyman learns of his pending death and judgment, he makes an effort to change his lifestyle. Since he does not have a

Maintaining Patient Safety Through Hand Hygiene Free Samples

Question: Why to Maintaining Patient Safety Through Hand Hygiene? Answer: Introducation: In the hospital environment, hand hygiene is imperative in preventing germs to ensure patient safety. Health care workers and clinicians can transfer germs to patients in hospital through their hands. Most studies and reports show that the rate of infections can reduce due to theimprovement of hygiene among the health workers. The health and safety of the patient are threatened when they interact with health workers who in most situations do not maintain good health standard (Abdella, Tefera Alene, 2014). When such cases and situationsarise, the nurses should know how to deal with them. The paper discusses the relationship between patient safety and hand hygiene. The paper will also provide incidences of safety that affected the patient and the role that the nurses take in managing these risks. When a patient is infected in the hospitals, there is an increase in morbidity and the cost of healthcare (Luangasanatip, Hongsuwan Cooper, 2015) In most cases, this happenswhen the germs are transferred from the healthworkers to the patients.Improving the hygiene of the hands been seen as one of the ways in which the patient's safety and infections can be reduced. However, these can only be successful if the health workers are willing to abide by the health standards before they can attend any patient. Health workers especially the nurses are always in contact with the patients (Marimuthu, Pittet Harbarth, 2014). The equipmentsthat the nurses use in cleaning their hands before handling the patient usually is meant to kill germs and reduce the spreading of diseases. Additionally, germs that have been spread from one patient to another can lead to the patient developing more illnesses due to additional germs, therefore threatening the patientsafety (Murni Soenarto, 2014). The patie nts condition can also worsen due to the invasion of new germs; within the hospital environment, maintaining the hygiene standards is very vital. Hand hygiene includes disinfecting the hands using alcohol, medicated soap,and washing the hands. Using soap that is disinfectant free will not be an effective way of maintaining proper hygiene as it does not have the elements of keeping the hands germ-free. Alcohol can be used as a strong antiseptic solution (Nair, Siraj Raghunath, 2014). This is because it contains antimicrobialelements. Due to this element, it can be said to be one of the fastest ways of disinfecting since the alcohol dries fast making it possible for the nurse to handle more patient within a short span of time. Antiseptic has to be used prior and after handling the patient. Thehealth workers and people who most of the time or are not in contact with the patient should also maintain good hygiene standards which are important for the wellbeing of the patient. A good example of that staff is people who prepare the meals for the patients (Shinde Mohite, 2014). Some situations may arise where a nurses lack of hand hygiene can cause a threat to the safety of the patient. During my practice as a nurse, I got to see a nurse who did not adhere to hand hygiene standards. As she was dressing a patient who had open wounds she did not maintain hygiene. She failed to put on a clean medical pair of gloves and plainly washed it without using a disinfectant to kill the germs present. She went ahead to put the old bandage previously used to dress the patient on the floor instead of disposing it in a plastic bag and setting it aside to avoid contaminating the scene.On her way out she saw a patient with some discomfort on the bed and she went to help the patient stay in a better sleeping position. She did this disregarding the fact that her hands could have been contaminated while attending to the previous patient. Open wounds are likely to have dirt and debris and as the nurse was dressing the wound her hands could have picked on some germs considering t he fact that she was not in any medical gloves and she failed to use a disinfectant when dressing the open wound. In addition, she failed to disinfect her already contaminated hands with an antiseptic before handling another patient. By doing so, she transferred the germs from the first patient to the other. Therefore, the health of the other patient was put at risk. Touching the other patient with dirty hands may transfer the germs to their skin and cause it to be infected. The patient is more likely to contact more illness or his or her condition may worsen. In case such a situation was to arise in future, where I have just attended a patient and then realize that another one required my help, the first thought that would come into my mind would be to first disinfect my hands before I attend tothem. If there is the presence of a nursewho would be in a better position to attend to the patient, I would ask him or her to first attend to the patient as I disinfect my hands. While dressing open wounds I would stick to the hygiene guidelines to avoid transferring germs from one patient to another and advice fellow colleagues to follow suit. Nurses should prioritize hand hygiene before coming into contact with any patient.In such cases, I will ensure that I disinfect my hands before and after attending any patient to get rid of any germs picked from the patients. One of the ethics of a registered nurse is to ensure that the patients safety is maintained throughout their treatment. In the above case, thenurses have the responsibility of maintaining and managing good hygiene. Among the health workers, (White, Jimmieson Martin, 2015) the nurses are the ones that do spend most of the time with the patient. They should detect any errors, near misses, and identify care processes that exist within the system that can be a threat to the patients safety. In the above case study, the nurses needed to be more informed in on the proper hygiene of handling the patient. Identifying the proper processes, the nurse would have known the best action to tale after knowing the mistake that she had committed and take proper hygiene measures. Weaknesses in the systems of the hospital may prevent the nurses from taking the right measures of hygiene (White Brain, 2015). It is the responsibility of the nurses to adhere to the systems that have been put to ensure the safety of the patients in the hospital. Howeverthese systems can also be a hindrance to the nurse's efforts in trying to maintain the patient's safety. The nurses should take upon themselves to inform the hospital of any shortcomings of these systems to allow them to deliver good services. Aconvenient system would have helped in the above case study. This is by ensuring the nurses have sanitizers and disinfectantsthat they carry with them in their pockets. Disinfectants can also be put in strategic places in the hospital (Smiddy, O'Connell Creedon, 2015). In the case study, if the nurse had disinfectant within their reach, she would have performed good hygiene. Cases of health-related issues resulting from poor hand washing practices are on the increase. In reducing this health risks, nurses have the responsibility to come up with useful and applicable health strategies. One of the strategies that can be utilized to reduce these risks is by informing and educating the public on the importance of hand washing. In addition, nurses should be self- managed in order to take responsibility for ones actions. In this case, reduction of health risks depends on the nurses competence, experience, training, and determination in the profession. Nurses need to be self-driven in regards to accountability and learning in the course their professional practice. Hence, it is appropriate for nurses to help their patients adjust their lifestyles and adopt good hygiene practices like hand washing in order to minimize infections and other related health complications. Overall, hand hygienerefers to the process of removing germs and other microorganisms from the hands by the use of disinfectants. Disinfectants that can be used for hand hygiene include water, alcohol, or soap. The use of these disinfectants is the ideal way of minimizing or reducing infections. According to Rischbieth (2016), infections account for over 80, 000 deaths annually in the United States. According to the article, roughly 1.4 million people globally are suffering from health issues related to infections. Between five and ten percent of patients in developed countries acquire infections. However, with adequate hand hygiene, such infections can be prevented successfully. According to the research conducted by Grol et al. (2010), the use of hand antiseptics can get rid of ninety-nine percentage of infections. Therefore, in order to get rid of these infections, adequate hand hygiene is vital in order to maintain patient safety. The essay seeks to discuss the importance of hand hygiene and the leadership role of nurses in managing such risks. In conclusion, 80,000 deaths have been linked to infections annually in the UnitedStates. According to WHO, between 5% and 10% suffer from healthcare associated infections.15% to 40% that are in critical care are said to be affected by hand hygiene infections. Through good hand hygiene,this infection can be prevented. A study has also shown that by using hand antisepsis, these infections can be reduced. Good hand hygiene ensures the safety of the patient. The health workers have the responsibility of ensuring that their patients are safe and receive quality health services. Patients can be at risk due to poor hand hygiene by the nurses and health workers. This is the reason that these workers should maintain good hand hygiene. References Abdella, N. M., Tefera, Alene, K. A. (2014). Hand hygiene compliance and associated factors among health care providers in Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, North West Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 96. Graves, N., Page, K., Martin, E., Barnett, A. G. (2016). Cost-effectiveness of a national initiative to improve hand hygiene compliance using the outcome of healthcare associated staphylococcus aureusbacteraemia. PloS one, 11(2), e0148190. Luangasanatip, N., Hongsuwan, M. Cooper, B. S. (2015). Comparative efficacy of interventions to promote hand hygiene in hospital: asystematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ, 351, h3728. Marimuthu, K., Pittet, D., Harbarth, S. (2014). The effect of improved hand hygiene on nosocomial MRSA control.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 3(1), 34. Murni, I. K., Soenarto, Y. (2014). Reducing hospital-acquired infections and improving the rational use of antibiotics in a developing country: an effectiveness study. Archives of disease in childhood, archdischild-2014. Nair, S. S., Siraj, M. A., Raghunath, P. (2014). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among medical and nursing students at a tertiary health care center in Raichur, India. ISRN preventive medicine, 2014. Smiddy, M. P., O'Connell, R., Creedon, S. A. (2015).A systematic qualitative literature review of health care workers' compliance with hand hygiene guidelines.American journal of infection control, 43(3), 269-274. Shinde, M. B., Mohite, V. R. (2014).A study to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of five moments of hand hygiene among nursing staff and students at a tertiary care hospital at Karad. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 3(2), 311-321. Srigley, J. A. Garber, G. (2015). Applying psychological frameworks of behavior change to improve healthcare worker hand hygiene: a systematic review. Journal of Hospital Infection, 91(3), 202-210. White, K. M., Jimmieson, N. L. Martin, E. (2015).Using a theory of planned behavior framework to explore hand hygiene beliefs at the 5 critical moments among Australian hospital-based nurses. BMC health services research, 15(1), 59. White, K. M. Brain, D. (2015). Understanding the determinants of Australian hospital nurses hand hygiene decisions following the implementation of a national hand hygiene initiative.Health education research, 30(6), 959-970. Wetzker, W., Pilarski, G. Reichardt, C. (2016). Compliance with hand hygiene: reference data from the national hand hygiene campaign in Germany. Journal of Hospital Infection, 92(4), 328-331.

Navy Ncdu Teams Essays - Military Engineering,

Navy Ncdu Teams The Teams On the beach invasions of Normandy, one of the marines commented, Jesus, we dont even have control of the beach yet and already the tourist are here!. This is the normal response that the men of UDT get, during WWII in the pacific campaign. They would paint themselves with steaks of blue and white. They were the first ones on the beach and the last ones to leave. They carried no weapons except for a combat knife used for cutting, and crimping the fuses of their explosives. Some say that you would have to be half nuts and half fish to join the UDT. But, besides being courageous and saving the lives of many a thankful marine(although they will not admit it) the UDT did something historical that NO HISTORY BOOK for that matter has cared to mention. They launched the United States into a whole new type of warfare, consisting of underwater commandos who could rise up out of the water and devastate an enemy, and disappear just as fast, or slip onto an enemy held beach, undetected, and bring back almost any type of information you needed. The latter probably saved hundreds upon thousands of marines lives alone. My report will show you the mysterious, and secret world of the UDT. The first Naval Combat Demolition Unit started with thirteen volunteers who were near the end of their basic training in the Dynamiting and Demolition School at Camp Perry, Virginia. They were sent to the Naval Amphibious Training Base at Solomon Island, Maryland, in Chesapeake Bay where they were joined by other enlisted demolition men and eight officers. Lieutenant Fred Wise from the Sea Bees (Construction Battalions) was designated Officer in Charge. They were given a quick, intensive course in blowing channels through sandbars with explosive hose, and in working from rubber boats to place explosive charges on underwater obstacles which had been modeled by Army engineers. Then they sailed for the assault on Sicily. Twenty-one men under LT Wise debarked from three attack cargo ships off Scoglitti, Sicily, on the morning of July 10, 1943 and waited patiently for orders that never came. The landing waves either found enough water over the sandbars or used alternative beaches. For the next two days the demolition units did useful work salvaging stranded boats, buoying channels through the sandbars, and surveying the beaches. Then they shipped back to the States. Most of this first group stayed in the Naval Combat Demolition Units as instructors, proceeding to the Naval Amphibious Training Base in Fort Pierce, Florida for the tougher training which was just getting underway in accordance with a directive from Admiral J. King, who was both Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet, and Chief of Naval Operation. His directive was in two parts: providing men for 'a present urgent requirement' of the Amphibious Forces, Atlantic Fleet; and starting experimental work and training for permanent Naval Demolition Units for assignment to other amphibious forces. (Above info from Naked Warriors by CDR Francis Fane.) Another result of that directive was a telegram sent the same night to Lieutenant Commander Draper L. Kauffman, founder and head of the Navy Bomb Disposal School, recalling him to Washington. LT Kauffman was giving the responsibility for launching the Navy's underwater demolition. Lieutenant Draper L. Kauffman was a remarkable man and uniquely qualified for the job. After graduating from the Naval Academy, his poor eyesight precluded his being commissioned. Frustrated but determined to join the war effort, he donned a French uniform and became a driver in the American Volunteers Ambulance Corps. He was captured by the Germans and spent time in a prison camp but was freed with a handful of other American drivers. Undaunted, Kauffman volunteered for mine disposal with the British Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve. His skill and bravery disarming bombs for the British won the attention of U.S. Navy where he was at last commissioned in the U.S. Naval Reserve in 1941. In June of 1943 at Fort Pierce, Florida, the first class arrived and assembled for training. The personnel were drawn from three sources, primarily because it was reasonably expected that men from the Construction Battalions, the Bomb Disposal School and the Mine

Comparative Writing Task essays

Comparative Writing Task essays We have studied two texts, throughout this year, written by John Marsden and Anthony Hill. The two texts are Tomorrow When The War Began by John Marsden and Soldier Boy by Anthony Hill. In this task I will be comparing these two texts. Uniquely, the two texts both deal with war and are also Australian. In Tomorrow When The War Began Australians are invaded, on Australian soil. Soldier Boy is mainly about the trip to Gallipoli and Gallipoli itself. In both texts, however, they show how terrible war is even though one is true and the other imaginative. The difference between how the texts deal with war in a different fashion is that in Tomorrow When The War Began, Australia itself is the victim and is being invaded, whereas in Soldier Boy the Australians are the invaders. Soldier Boy is based on World War One and Gallipoli, but Tomorrow When The War Began is imaginative. The characters in Tomorrow When The War Began are not soldiers but in fact teenagers but in Soldier Boy they are real soldiers which go through military training and are part of a regular army. For example, Jim Martin from Soldier Boy is part of the 21st battalion. The texts are different because one is a work of fiction and one is a work of non-fic tion. The two texts differ in purposes for various reasons. Soldier Boy was written about World War One and war tradition. Tomorrow When The War Began is set in a couple of years in the future. John Marsdens purpose is to entertain young adults and he writes for fun. Anthony Hill writes for a wide range of people, it is not to entertain but to inform us about Gallipoli life and what war was about. John Marsden creates suspense, while Anthony Hill wants to convey a message and stick to the facts. John Marsden writes to entertain, and his book is about how terrible war is and it is a good read. Soldier Boy is informative about war and it is not set out for entertainment values. ...

Which States Require the ACT Full List and Advice

Which States Require the ACT Full List and Advice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Over the past five years, the number of states that administer the ACT statewide has more than doubled: there are now 12 states that require every junior to take the test and eight more that either require the test in some districts or offer it as a free option for students who wish to take it. This post explains why these programs exist, which states have them, and how you can take advantage of them if you live in one of these states. Why Do Some States Require the ACT? In 2001, when states were first implementing statewide assessment programs, Illinois and Colorado decided that, rather than creating their own tests for high school juniors, they would contract with ACT, Inc. to use the ACT as a statewide assessment. (The ACT is generally considered more content based than the SAT, and therefore a better for for assessments.) This plan had the added advantages of providing every student with the chance to take a college admissions test and, ideally, encouraging students who might not have otherwise considered college to apply. Colorado and Illinois were followed by Kentucky, Wyoming, and Michigan in 2007 and then North Dakota and Tennessee in 2009 (although Colorado, Illinois, and Michigan have since switched to the SAT). Since then, the number of states using the ACT as a statewide assessment has almost doubled, and the SAT has created an equivalent program called SAT School Day. The spread of the ACT as a state assessment helped it surpass the SAT as the most popular college admissions test in the US 2011-2017 (although recently it's been overtaken by the SAT once more). For the 2019-2020 school year, 20 states have a contract with ACT, Inc. to provide free ACT testing to some or all high school juniors at public schools. Which States Require the ACT? Of the 12 states that administer the ACT statewide, more than half include the writing (the rest do not). There are also a few states that don't require the test of all students but allow districts to opt in to the program or give students the choice of which test to take. States that require all students to take the ACT with Writing Alabama Hawaii Montana Nebraska Nevada North Carolina North Dakota Utah Wisconsin States that require all students to take the ACT (no Writing) Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi Wyoming States with other arrangements Arkansas - offered but not required; no Writing Kansas - offered but not required; no Writing Minnesota - SAT or ACT offered Missouri - determined by district; not funded Ohio - SAT or ACT required; district determines which test Oklahoma - SAT with Essay or ACT with Writing required; district determines which test South Carolina - SAT or ACT required Tennessee - SAT or ACT required (districts may provide either SAT or ACT or allow students to choose) What Does Statewide Testing Mean For Your ACT Prep? The short answer is that it doesn’t make a huge difference: the ACT is the same whether you take it on a state-administered date or one of the regular test days. However, if you do live in one of the states listed above, you may want to tweak your approach to take advantage of some of the state resources available to you. Here are a few things to keep in mind. You'll Be Able to Take the Test for Free If the cost of taking the ACT is a financial burden for your family, the opportunity to take the test for free is a valuable one, and you should take advantage by scheduling your studying accordingly. Remember that you'll also be able to send four free score reports. You may also be eligible for a fee waiver, thus giving you the chance to take the test up to 3 times for free. You Might Practice for the ACT in School Because the statewide ACTs can double as an assessment for schools and teachers, you may do some in-class preparation for the test. This instruction can help make you more familiar with the test, which is a key step in preparing for the ACT. High school teachers aren't always the most knowledgeable about the ACT, however, so if a teacher tells you something about the test that seems off or contradicts what you've learned in your prep, make sure to double check it! There Could Be Other Free Prep Materials or Classes Available to You Even if your school doesn't offer in-class ACT prep there might be other resources you can take advantage of like free prep books or after school classes. (For example, students in Utah have access to free ACT study materials on Shmoop.) Check with a counselor or teacher at your school to find out if you're eligible for extra study help. Again, though, you should be mindful of whether the materials are good quality. The Curve Won't Be Affected One key thing that won't be affected by whether your state offers free ACT testing is the score curve. Many students believe that the curve is easier on state-mandated test dates because more low-scoring students take the test. Though it's true that scores on these dates are generally lower, the curve isn't actually affected. It's based on years worth of data, not a single test date. What's Next? Make sure you know when to start studying for the ACT and check out these 5 tips to get you started. Not sure what ACT score you should be shooting for? Calculate your target score with this helpful guide. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? We have the industry's leading ACT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and ACT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Artical review on computer file mgmt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Artical review on computer file mgmt - Essay Example In the block allocation method there are policies in place that determine sequence, locality and so on. When the block of data satisfies the requirement they are allocated the space. The difficulty in this method arises when files are deleted. The original relationships are discarded creating truncations in clusters. The relations need to be completely redone for each new block of data. The authors realize this to be an inefficient use of cpu power and time. The authors suggest that retaining the file layout instead of loosing it after a deletion is a more efficient way to retain block storage. If the file structure no longer has to be recreated each time a file is deleted then a tremendous amount of processor time will be realized. They propose a Storage Slab Allocator or SSA for an improved method of disk space management. Their novel approach appears to have merit as evidenced by the following file management policy. They propose to add a del_list, which tracks any deleted file original layout and a trunc_list, which likewise record any truncated space layout. These are attached to each block Group (BG) for their SSA. They use the binary strategy in the file layout with 1 identified as used and 0 identified as free; they have termed this the â€Å"invalid† bit. Thus the strategy becomes: The total blocks within the sub file layout whose head block number is free are all free. Otherwise, the next level ‘invalid’ need be checked until the last level. Not all the block number but only the head block of the sub file layout need set to be free when blocks are released. (Zhang, et. al., p. 296) They continue to illustrate the concept as a linear but progressive approach that retains the valuable file storage structures while being able to relinquish or delete the data more quickly. Then subsequently allowing new data to be allocated as a â€Å"slab† of information rather

Evaluate the Incident Investigation,Medical Surveillance and the Case Study

Evaluate the Incident Investigation,Medical Surveillance and the Training at a Restaurant - Case Study Example This article involves evaluation of incident investigation, medical surveillance programs and the training at Winn- Dixie restaurant. An effective incident investigation will look at all the components of an incident which are its design, environmental and behavioral components and not only a single cause. An investigation should be done thoroughly because when it gets conducted poorly or it is done ineffectively, legal liability may result. Investigations should be limited to the workers who were present at the time of the incident and the investigators should obtain as much information as they can for them to be able to conduct a fair investigation (Barth, Hayes, and Ninemeier, 2001). Winn- Dixie restaurant had a case of food poisoning scare. The restaurant had to be shut down after patrons who had eaten there reported that they were feeling unwell. Restaurants have to observe food hygiene therefore the restaurant had to be closed for an investigation to be carried out. Tests that were been done by food safety consultants and environmental health officers proved to be inconclusive. Management however did not understand how contamination of food had happened as they ensured that they employed hygiene consultants. Food samples got analyzed routinely and the results that came back were always negative. More results of the tests showed that the incident might have been due to a non- specific virus. This still puzzled management as they ensured that staff members got tested when they came back from their holidays in far places to ensure that they do not have any illness with them which may affect the food and customers as well. After the cause of contamination was confirmed, more help from other food safety consultants was needed. It was apparent that safety measures were being followed by management and that the employees were attending training sessions so

IST Implementation Essay Example for Free

IST Implementation Essay Once the system is created, it is important to test the system, this is so I can discover any faults within the system and to make sure that I have met the end user requirements The system will be tested with: normal data ( data which is the normal to test) Extreme data ( data which is exceeded test range) Erroneous data( data which is totally wrong to test) Macro testing Formula testing- formulas must be correct and linked to specific cells VLookups- must be correct and linked to specific cells the lay out of the test pan will be in table format , illustrating each test as fully as possible at this stage . the plan will include the following column heading:# test no . test criteria what is to be tested test purpose why is it been tested data what data is used to [perform the test ie. Normal extreme expected outcomes actual outcome i will produce evidence of my test results by illustrating each one with screen shots and all will be cross referenced and annotated properly this will be shown after the implementation is done . Testing User interface Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 1 Click the command button stock list To check the stock table opens The overall stock sheet should open The stock list worksheet opens 2 Click the command button customer details To check the customer details opens The overall customer details should open The customer details worksheet opens 3 Click the command button Build your own pc To check the Build your own pc opens The overall Build your own pc should open The Build your own pc worksheet opens 4 Click the command button Invoice To check the Invoice opens The overall Invoice should open The Invoice worksheet opens 5 Click the command button Exit To check the Exit worksheet opens The overall Exit worksheet should open The worksheet exits and saves as requested 6 Click the command button HELP To check the help button /Vba opens The help button should open with a message box The help button opens showing a message box Screen shots of Testing : Test number 1 The user clicks on the stock list button and the stock list worksheet opens: As you can see below the worksheet stock list opens and works Test number 2 The user clicks on the stock list button and the customer details worksheet opens: As you can see below the worksheet customer details opens and works Test number 3 The user clicks on the stock list button and the Build your own pc worksheet opens: As you can see below the worksheet customer details opens and works Test number 4 The user clicks on the stock list button and the invoice worksheet opens: As you can see below the worksheet invoice opens and works: Test number 5 1) the user clicks on the command button exit below is what message box appears this give us 2 options. If I dint want to exit excel is would click no and the message box that will appear is : If I clicked yes my work would get saved and it would exit my worksheet . Test number 6 The user clicks on the command button (a) help a message box should appear as shown below (a) As you can see below the help button opens . Test number 7 The user clicks on the homage button (1) and the homepage worksheet will open (2) (1)Homepage button (2) as you can see below the homepage opens once the homage navigation button has been clicked Test number 8 The user clicks on the worksheet button invoice (1)as shown below and the following will show(2) (1)user clicks the button (2) As you can see below the invoice worksheet opens Test number 9 Stock list worksheet Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 7 Click the command button home page To check the if the button goes to the home page The homepage should open The homepage worksheet should open 8 Click the command button invoice To check the Invoice opens The overall Invoice should open The Invoice worksheet opens 9 Click the command button hide grid lines To check if the gridlines disappear when clicked The grid lines should disappear The grid lines did not show on the worksheet 10 Click the command button show grid lines To check the button shows the gridlines The gridlines should show The gridlines show on the worksheet 11 Click the command button print To check the button prints the worksheet out The stockist worksheet should print out The worksheet printed out . Customer details(worksheet) Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 11 12 13 14 15 Design your own pc (worksheet) Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 16 17 18 19 20 Invoice(worksheet) Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 21 22 23 24 25 Implementation User interface To set up my new computer system I need to use a spreadsheet software package and so I choose to use Microsoft excel. I used this software as it is simple to use for setting up and provides the most commonly used spreadsheet package . This means that the most of the people who are able to use the pc and use Excel , and I know that the employees at PC systems who will be using the system can use the software . I collected the data for the spreadsheet by contacting Pc Systems contacting office , materials and extra and for the pc parts and other information I used from the PC Systems website. How to record the macros on the user interface and all pages Firstly I used clip are as shown below to get the pictures for my user interface: Below is how I opened the clipart menu Once the clip are menu is opened I searched for the following items for the pictures to come up that I used for my interface clip art menu The following clip art images I used for my interface as shown below MACROS Once the pictures are in place I now can record the macros I need to navigate around the spreadsheet as shown below . Step 1 : Firstly I needed to click on tools then macro and then record new macro as shown below Step 2 Then I give a name for my macro .eg macro 1 then press OK Step 3 Now you will see a little play and pause button icon as shown below Step 4 Now I have to select the destination of the macro as you can see at the bottom of the worksheets there are named worksheets eg when I made the customer details macro I will do the following as shown below. Once customer details has been selected I then clicked stop on the macro button as shown below . Step 5 once I had clicked stop I then clicked on the picture which was relevant to customer details as shown below then right click on the picture and select assign macro as shown here Step 6 Then once it has opened now I will select the macro I have just made to link it with the button as show below Once macro 1 is found then click OK and the macro works and it links to the customer worksheet. I did this to all my macros which are link on the user inter face as shown below I used the same method on all 4 of them. I also have navigation buttons on the other worksheets to return to the user interface so the user can move around my spreadsheet quick and efficiently. VBA code : Vba code is useful for producing message boxes , and are easy to do as shown below and again they are linked to my picture Help I opened vba up as by pressing ALT, F11 together and this screen should appear: (1) (2) entering the code as shown below into vba . I have included the following message for the user so if they have problems with the software or with any formulas or buttons they can contact the helpline so I can help them and guide them in the write direction . Now right click on the picture as I said before and assign macro and then choose helpline and once it is done the outcome is Now I am going to make an exit button using vba so the user can exit excel immediately and saving there work at the same time .using this button below .this method is used again by right clicking on the picture and assigning the macro as shown below : Then open up VBA as shown above. Now enter the code as shown below Once this coded is entered I linked it with my button as shown in the other example and the out come should be as shown below ..first click on the exit icon then this message box will appear If no then If yes then application quits successfully. Named ranges Once I have entered the stock information into my spreadsheet I need to name the ranges to use them in a v look up .to make it easier for the use to make calculations and search for the criteria needed to run the system correctly Step 1 I highlighted customer details as shown below Then I named the highlighted items customerddd as shown below using the toolbar as shown below :then I pressed enter so that it confirms that the name has been changed and is saved . I used this method to name all of my ranges and named them appropriately. To show all of the named ranges I did the following InserName define Then this toolbox opens showing all the named ranges and the formulas in the specific range as shown below . here you can add names and delete them . V-look ups Combo boxes A combo box sometimes called a drop down box is a list of items from which you can choose one item of data.To open the combo box menu I needed to right click on the mouse and select forms as shown below : Once I have clicked on the forms the menu below opened : As shown above I then selected the combo box item, then I drew the combo box in the correct column to make it look professional as shown below . Once I drew the combo boxes they need to be linked to a Vlookup and I need to format the control to link with the specific sell eg, product number as shown below(2) (1) (2) First I had to right click on the combo box and select the format control as shown below Spinners A spinner button enables you to increase or decrease the value of a number in a cell by clicking the control. firstly I right clicked on the excel tool bar and selected forms as shown below . Then I selected the spinner from this menu choice as shown below . Then I drew the spinner on my spreadsheet as shown below : Then I needed to format the spinner to a specific cell to make calculations as shown below .i firstly right clicked on the spinner and the menu below appeared I then selected format control as shown below and the following message box appeared . Evaluation In my evaluation I will first of all consider each of the end user requirements stated in the specification in turn and my objectives , and evaluate the success of below are my general objectives Start up screen and Homepage buttons and links to all the pages back and forth . I have met this objective as My spreadsheet has a start up screen and various buttons which were requested by the user so the user can move around the spreadsheet efficiently and are able to open and close worksheets also there are 2 other buttons which I used vb code so if the user gets stuck or damages the spreadsheet they contact the help line also there is a save and exit button which will make a back up of the work for future reference and a print button eg. For the output of the invoice as needed which will save a lot of time compared to the old system where everything is done by paper and when a record needs to be found it took a long time and even got lost on the other hand the spreadsheet saves records and time and is much more reliable and efficient compared to the old system Various work sheets such as , hardware sheet ,invoice sheet etc I have met this objective as there are 4 separate work sheets to separate the collection of data (stock) and the output(invoice) 4 separate sheets helps the user move around the interface smoothly as he can open and close the preferred work sheet as needed Automatically store customer details and what they have bought. Once item is bought it is taken away from the stock. Protect the work sheet so no formulas can be altered by the user . Use formulas to calculate total cost and vat etc Labels to help the customer when moving on to a button option boxes to let the user choose the best product eg memory for them Limitations In the system there are various limitations I have recognised. In one of my validations it wasnt accurate as when I typed in incorrect data the error message wasnt displayed . this would then create inaccurate data as the user wouldnt be aware of there mistakes Improvements In the system there are various improvements that can be made to improve the overall system Also to improve my system I would create a separate spreadsheet that contains each customers details of the products they have previously bought and what they have ordered so the end user knows what the existing customers have bought so the user can deciide to give discount for spending so much money etc valuable customer. End user comments I arranged a meeting with mr Anderson who will be using the system to see how he feels about It and helps reduce work load that he originally had to do . I first of all gave the end user a couple of days to familiarise to the new system Here are the end user comments : * The deign is practical and doesnt irate the eyes the colour is restful and doesnt distract the users attention . * Navigation is easy , as is adding and deleting information * Alternating through the worksheets are very easy * The out out of the system (the invoice) are very organise and very consistant * The macros , formulas and v look ups help reduce lots of manual imput which saves time . * There are few errors made as validation used on different data helps keep data accurate and up to date My overall comments I think my design is reliable and easy to use , there are only a few things that I can change and they are mentioned in my improvements , I think I have reduced massed amounts of user input compared to the paper work what they had to do before which took allot of time and effort , also the system looks professional and is very efficient and is very user friendly. User guide Contents page Description Page Introduction / Installing / Opening the system Functions of the user interface Customer sheet Entering customer details Deleting customer details Introduction Welcome to the Invoicing System. This system has been created so that you can create an invoice in a seconds compared to the paper work that you used to do. Installation The system works directly off the USB memory stick, or alternatively you can copy it to the computer and run it from your computer. Simply press ctrl c on the Invoicing System file, and then press ctrl v in on the hardrive or in my documents on your computer Opening the spreadsheet system * Insert the USB stick . * Next, click on My Computer * Next, open the memory stick (a). If the logo is not there then wait for a couple of minutes as computer may be trying to detect the key or press F5 to refresh the page to help the computer detect the inputted device . then click on the invoice system (b) and open the file (A) (b) Once the system has been opened the following pop up will appear about the security of the spreadsheet on the screen as shown below If this is presented then simply click on Enable Macros. This will activate the buttons in your spreadsheet . but if you click disable the spreadsheet will open but the macro buttons will not work which will effect the spreadsheets efficiency (C)The screen below will be presented once the spreadsheet has opened below : User interface The user interface is the heart of the system which allows you to access the invoice system, and to access the stock list and access the customers list and allow users to choose what they would like to buy. To do this, simply click on the buttons at the top of the screen. These buttons are on all sheets, in the same place and with the same names, they will all open their appropriate areas when you click on them and do the tasks the same . Customers To enter the customers details into the system, you will first need to select the button from any area. This will open up the customers sheet which should look something like the one below.

Cynicism in Works of Ambrose Bierce Essay -- Cynic Author

The style and motives of Ambrose Bierce are those of a great intellect and cynic. Ambrose Bierce used graphic images to get his message across in a lot of his stories such as "Chicamauga" and "The Affair at Coulter's Notch". A good portion of his short stories were stories of innocent people and soldiers and their experiences. He also wrote a book called "The Devil's Dictionary," which reinterprets a few terms in the English language. Ambrose Bierce's cynical perspective, which can be seen within his literary works, actually masks a sensitive idealist, who wants to create an awareness in the readers of the horrors of war as well as the injustices and insensitivities in people and society. To start off, Ambrose Bierce used a lot of graphic images to deglorify war. There were many graphic images in the story ?Chicamauga?, for example, ? - lacked a lower jaw - from the upper teeth to the throat was a great red gap fringed with hanging shreds of flesh and splinters of bone?. ?The unnatural prominence of nose, the absence of chin, the fierce eyes, gave this man the appearance of a great...

Admission essay for a postgraduate in fashion marketing

As soon as I completed my undergraduate course, I realized that my future career would be in fashion, even though my education was in tourism management.Today, looking back at a extensive experience I accumulated in the field, I feel that time has come for me to improve my educational background so that my theoretical knowledge matched my practical skills. I am confident that gaining a postgraduate education in Fashion Marketing will open my eyes to new exciting opportunities for my business.My path in the fashion industry began right after graduation when I went to Italy to study art history and photography. I took up a franchise in my own country, an endeavour that started out as a hobby, as a tribute to my long-term love of fashion and design, but soon it turned into my vocation. My flair for good design, a good understanding of the industry, and a passionate love for what I was doing helped me open two stores of my own within a short time. Our company holds the Franchise Havaiana s Brazilians sandals in Ecuador, represented by 60 points of sale all over the country.In the process of strenuous work directed at business growth, I realized that I also wanted to leverage my entrepreneurship skills and abilities to improve the life of our community. With this purpose in mind, I joined the ranks of the local Chamber of Commerce.At the time, this is the job that enables me to make a difference in the life of people around me through initiating a host of projects and meeting with other businessmen in an effort to make conditions for business improve in the area. After two years of my engagement in the chamber, I can look back at a number of successful projects including training courses, seminars, and effort to improve the process of cloth imports in Ecuador.My entrepreneurial experience, the fact that I own two companies at the age of 22, and my participation in the Chamber of Commerce gave one popular Ecuadorian magazine grounds to nominate me for the â€Å"Woman of the Year† award. Although I did not win this highly competitive award, I did enjoy giving interviews and teaching other women how to run their own business.Now that I have ascertained that fashion business can become the cause of my life, I am eager to complement my practical experience with theoretical foundations. Since my first degree is in Tourism Management, I believe that my professional knowledge will be seriously augmented by courses specifically related to fashion and marketing in particular. Knowing how to best market fashion products to diverse target groups, I will be able to make a greater contribution to the fashion industry and grow my business at an accelerated rate.The reason for my choice of the program was its excellent reputation in professional circles. Another important factor was the London location. Enjoying London life, I would be thrilled to study in a city where fashion is part of popular culture and the very atmosphere is saturated with new idea s.This degree will advance my goal of representing a variety of fashion brands and starting my own brand at some point in the future. I plan to follow my educational philosophy in all courses I am about to take, pursuing two goals: share the knowledge and experience I have acquired during my work as entrepreneur and integrate practice with theory.I know I have the potential and enough background to put to use the knowledge acquired in the fashion industry. After participating in so many fashion weeks, I know a lot of brands and their personnel, so that my solid reputation in the business world can allow me to receive propositions from other companies to represent them in Ecuador.One thing I know about making such partnerships a success is that I have to be in love with the brand and have a strong belief in its future. Another is that I have to improve my education in the area to substantiate my experience with a solid theoretical background. To this point, I could always make my dre ams come true. I am confident that enrolment in the program can help me realize my ambitious plans for the future.

Reality TV Shows Essay

The reality TV is a television genre, usually on a feuilleton mode, the daily life of anonymous or celebrities. So it is Type of television show that take the life of one of celebrities or anonymous as a subject , whereupon come into contact with reality through presenting of facts in a manner most likely devoid of any goal, but the goal of truth itself. Reality shows often borrow from other television genres such as documentary, game, variety or fiction. The reality TV could gain a large number of viewers because of the modern TV show methods and the way where it approach of people’s lives and their dreams. In addition to the use of modern methods in the announcement of the programs and the desire to provoke and thrill viewers to keep watching it. TV stations followed the method of engaging viewers in this kind of TV shows through voting via SMS and the Internet, and this method make these stations earn a lot of viewers and advertisers, and thus enormous financial benefits. Reality TV programs are very profitable because the cost of production is very low and the TV channels are gaining a lot of money through SMS sent by viewers to eliminate or save a particular candidate. One cannot deny that this type of TV show is used seduction and temptation in many of its parts, and the goal is clear to everyone is to attract teenagers in particular, and in addition to those looking for entertainment watching this kind of TV shows. And therefore it is not reasonable that all what appears in those shows are the reality and truth with the utmost impartiality. And it’s good to recognize that the producers of this type of TV Shows are interfering in some detail canvassers offer candidates a dramatic way and sometimes comedy way at other times and the ultimate goal is to make audience cling to these candidates. It is clear that this type of TV shows are a pure profit for each of the television stations and telecommunications companies that offer SMS services as well as to advertisers who are interested in eventually display their ads  within commercial peak period where the number of viewers upper margin.

How to Write a Descriptive Essay Using All 5 Senses

How to Write a Descriptive Essay Using All 5 Senses Some authors have mastered the art of the word better than the others. We are talking about such giants as Stephen Kink, Robert Stein, Shakespeare, Joanne Rowling, and other famous writers. A descriptive essay is the first step to the excellent level of language proficiency. It helps to operate different words in a variety of situations. It is not that easy to create powerful descriptive essays as it may seem, but this article will share some secrets. The Nature of Descriptive Essay Keep in mind the purpose of any good descriptive essay is to come up with a vivid reader’s experience. If your target audience agrees on the fact that they obtained a complete reflection of certain things while reading your piece, you’ve got it right. People have five sense as you know: taste, touch, smell, hearing, and sight. The writer has to appeal to each of these senses as you never know what your reader prefers. It can be your teacher, your peers, parents, or even fans. So, to make everyone satisfied, it is important to create a descriptive essay which would cover all 5 senses. Each time there is a need to write a descriptive essay, please mind the following options you can choose from: Individual or group of people Location Memory Event Object Experience Impressions You should treat the process of writing a descriptive essay as the everyday job every author faces. Just like the artists paint their famous pictures and complete art puzzles, try to provide your readers will a well-rounded impression. It’s not enough to persuade like in the argumentative essay – it’s all about describing! Of course, the whole essay should have a certain goal. It may be a lesson which you want your reader to learn from a specific event or life experience. You may write down how the described object influences your life. Top Examples of A+ Descriptive Essay Topics So far, we have concluded that the descriptive essay should cover five human senses: Touch Hearing Sight Smell Taste But what are some specific examples of the topic ideas you may consider when deciding on the subject for your descriptive essay? Let us see†¦ Person Usually, writer involves features which make the chosen individual a perfect role model or hero. You may write what makes your friend so unique by sharing your common experience. Create a comparison between an average human being and an alien from outer space. This guide might also be helpful when describing a character. Place Write about the specific location you would like to visit. Create a descriptive essay on the place that does not actually exist. Think of the most suitable location for your next holiday/vacation. The writer can even draw a full picture using the words describing the most magnificent and breathtaking sights of the world! Memory As the time passed by, include the descriptive details of the certain event you liked the most. What is so special about your most iconic memories? Write about your most vivid childhood event like your first birthday party. Experience and knowledge Tell your readers about the time in your life when you zoned out of a specific setting and simply enjoyed the world around you. Use descriptive words to discuss the situation which let you out of your comfort zone. Your descriptive essay may be focused on one day in your life when all things suddenly went wrong, and tell how you managed to cope with the situation. Object Mind an item that possesses a sentimental meaning to you or your close people. A descriptive essay may tell about things you would like to bury in a time capsule to save them for the future generations. Create something really unique like the speech for the old-fashioned people who suspect you’re a witch, but you want to prevent your life from the threat of being sentenced to death. Mind that is OK to mix the five senses in your descriptive writing to make the piece more vivid. You may choose a specific subject that has recalled the time in your life when you felt loneliest or happy. Working on Your Paper Outline To make a powerful descriptive essay, take the time to develop a structured plan known as the essay outline. It should contain an introduction, body, and conclusion. Make sure you have decided on the final topic before starting to write! You can always download some free paper examples online. Introduction Hook: Catch an eye of your reader using taste, touch, smell, sight, or hearing senses! Brief backup information! Mind that you should keep your wording discrete. The reader should want to know the whole story. 3-5 Body Paragraph(s) Begin with an Exciting Point: Get your reader on the rails by telling some surprising or even shocking things in the first sentences of each body paragraphs. Sensory details as your Plot Flows: It is important to keep track of sensory appeal. Don’t miss factual details: When you write about a specific personality, try to come up with some semi-relevant background information to help your reader understand your point better. Add a Bang: Play with the sensory details and don’t let people know the end of the story until the conclusion! Conclusion Reflection: No descriptive essay can be meaningful without vivid examples from your own life. The significance of the Details: Keep in mind a descriptive essay tends to describe things, so include a lot of writing. Clincher Statement: Your last paragraph must finish with a clincher (intriguing fact, joke, quote, etc.) Some effective recommendations for students who want to write a vivid descriptive essay. Mind the Chronological Order: Fast forwarding is not the best method. The writer must stick to the linear progression. Revision by Others: Ask your peers or parents to have a look at your final paper. Do they find all senses involved? Perhaps, they can help to enrich your descriptive language with new words. Sometimes, it is not that simple to write a good descriptive essay without help. If you want the language of your essay to be great in all ways, turn to the professional academic writing and editing services in the face of College Homework Help. These experts know how to use proper words when describing things. It is time to become a true artist!

Finding Trustworthy Sources

Finding Trustworthy Sources Any time you are asked to write a research paper, your teacher will require a certain amount of credible sources. A credible source means any book, article, image, or other item  that accurately and factually supports the argument of your research paper. It is important to use these kinds of sources in order to convince your audience that you have put in the time and effort to really learn and understand your topic, so they can trust what you say.   Why Be Skeptical of Internet Sources? The internet is full of information. Unfortunately, it is not always useful or accurate information, which means some sites are very bad sources. You have to be very careful about the information you use when making your case. Writing a political science paper and citing The Onion, a satirical site,  would not get you a very good grade, for example. Sometimes you may find a blog post or news article that says exactly what you need to support a thesis, but the information is only good if it comes from a trusted, professional source.   Keep in mind that anyone can post information on the web. Wikipedia is a prime example. Although it may sound really professional, anyone can edit the information. However, it can be helpful in that it often lists its own bibliography and sources. Many of the sources referenced in the article come from scholarly journals or texts. You can use these to find real sources that your teacher will accept. Types of Research Sources The best sources come from books and peer reviewed journals and articles. Books that you find in your library or bookstore are good sources because they have usually already gone through the vetting process. Biographies, text books, and academic journals are all safe bets when researching your topic. You can even find a lot of books digitally online.   Articles can be a little trickier to discern. Your teacher will probably tell you to use peer reviewed articles. A peer reviewed article is one that has been reviewed by experts in the field or subject the article is about. They check to make sure that the author has presented accurate and quality information. The easiest way to find these types of articles is to identify and utilize academic journals.   Academic journals are great because their purpose is to educate and enlighten, not make money. The articles are almost always peer-reviewed. A peer-reviewed article is kind of like what your teacher does when he or she grades your paper. Authors submit their work and a board of experts review their writing and research to determine whether or not it is accurate and informative.   How to Identify a Credible Source If you want to use a website, make sure it is up to date with an easily identifiable author. Websites that end in .edu or .gov are usually pretty trustworthy.  Make sure the information is the most recent information available. You may find a good article from the 1950’s, but there are probably more contemporary articles that either expand upon or even discredit research that old.  Familiarize yourself with the author. If they are an expert in their field, it should be easy to find information on their education and determine their role in the field of study they are writing about. Sometimes you start seeing the same names pop up on various articles or books.  Ã‚   Things to Avoid Social media. This can be anything from Facebook to blogs. You might find a news article shared by one of your friends and think it is credible, but chances are it is not.  Using material that is out of date. You don’t want to base an argument around information that has been debunked or is considered incomplete.Using a second hand quote. If you find a quote in a book, be sure to cite the original author and source and not the author using the quote.  Using any information that has obvious bias. Some journals publish for profit or has their research funded by a group with special interest in finding certain results. These can look really trustworthy, so be sure to understand where your information is coming from. Students often struggle with how to use their sources, especially if the  teacher requires several. When you start writing, you may think you know everything you want to say. So how do you incorporate outside sources? The first step is to do a lot of research! A lot of times, the things you find may change or refine your thesis. It can even help you if you have a general idea, but need help focusing on a strong argument. Once you have a well-defined and thoroughly researched thesis topic, you should identify the information that will support the claims you make in your paper. Depending on the subject, this could include: graphs, statistics, images, quotes, or just references to information you’ve gathered in your studies.   Another important part of using the material you have gathered is citing the source. This can mean including the author and/or source within the paper as well as listed within a bibliography. You never want to make the mistake of plagiarism, which can happen accidentally if you don’t cite your sources properly!   If you need help understanding the different ways to site information, or how to build your bibliography, the Owl Perdue Online Writing Lab can be a huge help. Within the site you will find the rules for properly citing different kinds of material, formatting quotes, sample bibliographies, just about anything you need when it comes to figuring out how to write and properly structure your paper.   Tips on How to Find Sources Start at your school or local library. These institutions are designed to help you find everything you need. If you can’t find what you need in your local library, many work as a system that allows you to look for a specific book and have it delivered to your library.  Once you find a few sources you like, check their sources! This is where bibliographies come in handy. Most of the sources you will use will have sources of their own. In addition to finding more information, you will become familiar with the leading experts in your subject.  Scholarly databases are a huge help in researching a paper. They cover a broad range of subjects from writers of all disciplines.Ask your teacher for help. If your teacher has assigned a paper, chances are they know a little bit about the material. There is a lot of information available to you through books and the internet. Sometimes it may seem overwhelming and you just don’t know where to start. Your teacher can help get you started and tell you the best places to look based on your subject. Places to Start Looking JSTORMicrosoft Academic SearchGoogle ScholarRefseekEBSCOScience.govNational Science Digital LibraryERICGENISISGoPubMedIndex CopernicusPhilPapersProject MuseQuestia

D1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

D1 - Assignment Example Furthermore, the biological, physiological, and psychological changes that children experience during the years of adolescence can all be understood as explaining the component parts of childhood development. In this way, subject matter experts can work to unravel the causations and factors that contribute to an array of different actions, emotions, thought processes, and factors that influence individuals well into adulthood. As such, the use and application of childhood development to ascertain salient information on the â€Å"why† component of why individuals act, behave, and think a certain way is greatly advanced by the study and application of this body of knowledge. Biologically speaking, any chemical substance that is ingested by the mother while the fetus is still in the womb has a direct effect on the development of the child. Furthermore, drugs and the effects of pollution can inversely effect the healthy growth of the developing child and cause it to experience birth defects, congenital health issues, and or a host of behavioral problems that may not be immediately visible and/or take time to fully develop. In this way, childhood development as a function of what inputs a mother takes or ingests into her body during pregnancy has a powerful effect on the way the fetus develops within her. It is for this reason that successful counseling of the mother with regards to what to abstain from and what to avoid during the formative months of pregnancy and breastfeeding is of such vital importance. Without proper education and information relayed to at risk mothers, the infant and the mother are at risk for a great number of preventable health problems that could lead to a host of developmental problems for the unborn child in the

Preparation for Graduate Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Preparation for Graduate Employment - Essay Example I would like to work for a magnificent company such as yours in a responsible position, in which I will contribute through my professional, personal and inter-personal skills. My long term career goal is to move on to higher positions with greater responsibilities within investment banking possibly after having studied for an MBA in between. However, I prefer to remain with the same company as part of my career aspirations. Although transitioning from education to a professional environment can be quite challenging, I have gained significant experience in my various stints at several companies, which has provided me the necessary insight into the corporate world. having been performing successfully in every such challenging environment, I am confident of being able to bring in the same level of commitment and energy into my work in my future employment. I have travelled extensively and have interacted with people from over 50 nationalities. As such, I love to bond with diverse people and share ideas and thoughts with them. I believe that any profession that incorporated my educational skills and professional experience to the highest level would be my ideal job. Combining my knowledge in Finance with my experience in handling customer oriented responsibilities along with computer and administrative capabilities have helped me, my co workers and my company in attaining their objectives. It is also one of the predominant reasons for me to consider myself as a valuable addition to the team at Goldman

Health Information Management System (HIMS) Strategic Plan and process Term Paper

Health Information Management System (HIMS) Strategic Plan and process reflecting an information system model for an Internal Medicine Clinic - Term Paper Example In strengths and opportunities, the significance of the systems in terms of the accuracy of data keeping, and ways through which the process can be improved are looked to earn the process more credibility by limiting avoidable medical errors. Due to advancing technological innovation n the contemporary world, HIMS programs are more preferred to primitive conventional data collection and maintenance processes, which was mainly kept on hard copies (Emmendorfer et al, 2012; Diana, Kazley, & Menachemi, 2011). Although, there is substantial support for development of the HIMS within the department in different quarters, the implementation of HIMS has been uneven since the technological growth reached a crescendo in the first decade of the twenty-first century. This has impacted a disorderly system. In light of this, it is imperative to address matters relating to human resourcing and HIMS organization within the facility, and the regional offices to guarantee sustainability of personnel or technologies. Further, current techniques of data gathering are overly complex and are largely problematic for clinicians to use. The XYZ’s Internal Medicine Clinic has immense opportunities that will likely result in its HIMS growth and development. An issue such as increasing market segments, which are set to develop in the current technology aided world, are one such opportunity. Further, globalization through, brought about by the Internet revolution is likely to offer immense outsourcing potential for clients across the globe. Distribution channels looking forward to new and effective treatment options, for instance, will likely impact positively on not only the department but the whole XYZ facility. The entrance of several players in the healthcare market will likely shrink the returns the company gets from the targeted market of clients in need of the Internal Medicine Clinic services. New technology may make

Biomedical And Biopsychosocial Health Models Health And Social Care Essay

Biomedical And Biopsychosocial Health Models Health And Social Care Essay The medical model of health is a negative one: that is, that health is essentially the absence of disease. Despite bold attempts by bodies such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) to argue for a definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, most medically related thought remains concerned with disease and illness. -The main point of this model of disease is that it attempts to uncover underlying pathological processes and their particular effects. -The pathologically based and causally specific medical model became increasingly dominant. In the medical model of disease, tuberculosis is defined as a disease of bodily organs following exposure to the tubercle bacillus. The development of the illness involves symptoms such as coughing, haemoptysis (coughing up blood), weight loss and fever. In this model the underlying cause of the illness is the bacillus, and its elimination from the body (through anti-tubercular drugs) is aimed to restore the body to health. -In the case of tuberculosis, the symptoms described above are also found in other diseases, and this problem of linking symptoms to specific underlying mechanisms frustrated medical development. -Today, these are often referred to as forms of complementary medicine herbalism and homeopathy, for example that treat symptoms holistically but do not rest on the idea of underlying, specific pathological disease mechanisms. -The medical model was essentially individualistic in orientation and, unlike earlier approaches, paid less attention to the patients social situation or the wider environment. This narrowing of focus (towards the internal workings of the body, and then to cellular and sub-cellular levels), led to many gains in understanding and treatment, especially after 1941, when penicillin was introduced, and the era of antibiotics began. But it was also accompanied by the development of what Lawrence calls a bounded medical profession, that could pronounce widely on health matters and could act with increasing power and autonomy. Doctors now claimed exclusive jurisdiction (authority) over health and illness, with the warrant of the medical model of disease as their support. This situation meant that modern citizens were increasingly encouraged to see their health as an individual matter, and their health problems as in need of the attention of a doctor. It is this which Foucault (1973) saw as constituting the medical gaze which focused on the individual and on processes going on inside the body its volumes and spaces. Wider influences on health, such as circumstances at work or in the domestic sphere, were of less interest to the modern doctor. This gaze (extended in due course to health-related behaviours) underpinned the development of the modern doctor-patient relationship, in which all authority over health matters was seen to reside in the doctors expertise and skill, especially as shown in diagnosis. This meant that the patients view of illness and alternative approaches to health were excluded from serious consideration. Indeed, the patients view was seen as contaminating the diagnostic process, and it was better if the patient occupied only a p assive role. It is for this reason that the medical model of disease has been regarded critically in many sociological accounts. The power of the medical model and the power of the medical profession have been seen to serve the interests of medical dominance rather than patients needs (Freidson 1970/1988, 2001) and to direct attention away from the wider determinants of health. However, before we proceed, two caveats need to be entered. Whilst medicine in the last 20 years has continued to focus on processes in the individual body, such as the chemistry of the brain or the role of genes in relation to specific diseases, the current context is clearly different from that which existed at the beginning of the twentieth century. Today, in countries such as the UK and the USA, infectious diseases are of far less importance as threats to human health. The biopsychosocial model in medical research: the evolution of the health concept over the last two decades 1. Introduction The traditional biomedical paradigm has its roots in the Cartesian division between mind and body, and considers disease primarily as a result of injury, infection, inheritance and the like. Although this model has been extraordinarily productive for medicine, its reductionistic character prevents it from adequately accounting for all relevant medical aspects of health and illness [1 and 2]. One of the most criticised consequences of adopting the biomedical model is a partial definition of the concept of health. If disease consists only of somatic pathology-or, more strictly and according to the influential work of Virchow [3], cellular pathology-health must be the state in which somatic signs and symptoms are not present. According to this view, the World Health Organization defined health simply as the absence of disease [4]. In his classic papers, Engel [1 and 5] explicitly warned of a crisis in the biomedical paradigm and conceptualised a new model which regards social and psychological aspects as giving a better understanding of the illness process [6]. In recent years, the so-called biopsychosocial model has found broad acceptance in some academic and institutional domains, such as health education, health psychology, public health or preventive medicine, and even in public opinion. It is now generally accepted that illness and health are the result of an interaction between biological, psychological and social factors [7, 8 and 9]. Many authors now include mental and social aspects in their definitions of health [10, 11, 12 and 13]. It might be expected that, in the two decades since Engels call for a biopsychosocial framework, the concept of health implying social and psychological components would also have extended to practical contexts. The purpose of the present study is to find out whether and to what extent the biopsychosocial concept of health has spread among medical researchers. 4. Discussion and conclusions In western culture, at least since the advent of Cartesian dualism, medicine has used a mechanistic approach to human nature and has centred its interest around illness and its signs. -The main reason for the failure of psychological and social measures in the reports examined lies in the still deep-rooted dominance of the biomedical model which, despite the criticism of its reductionism, remains useful and still enables advances in medicine. This dominance has surely been reinforced in recent years because of the push of genetic research and therapies. Perhaps, holistic and biological-reductionistic models should not compete but try to coexist, as two different but not necessarily incompatible possibilities for approaching health questions. The result would be, however, a reduction of biomedical terrain. First, clinical and health psychology have demonstrated their capacity to explain and treat many somatic symptoms. Second, some holistic medical models-such as Traditional Chinese Medicine or Hannemans homeopathy-are gaining ground because of patients who do not find satisfactory solutions in biomedical care. Third, biomedical care implies enormous and rapidly-ri sing costs that are beginning to exceed the budget of the health care systems. 4.2. Practice implications The biopsychosocial model has been successfully applied to obtain a better understanding of the disease processes and their causes [18], and also for public health purposes [19 and 20], or to improve physician-patient relations [21 and 22], but medical practitioners are still reluctant to incorporate it into treatment plans [16]. Holistic approaches remain till now restricted to chronic illness management [23], which is the field of medical care where regaining health, in a biomedical sense, is not the main goal. For the medical practitioner, the difficulties attached to the change from a biomedical to a biopsychosocial model of health can be well understood. First, this change necessarily implies taking into account a much wider spectrum of the factors influencing health and the healing process, which in turn demands greater knowledge and time investment. Second, the new paradigm implies a new style of the patient-doctor relationship, a style which enables, among other things, the doctors attention to the patients psychosocial circumstances, in order to better manage his or her situation, and not only his or her illness. Undoubtedly, this kind of interaction requires a greater effort from practitioners, but also from the health care systems, which should provide the necessary context and resources for it, such as communication skills training, adequate settings, or enough personnel. Despite these hindrances, which will probably continue to relegate the biopsychosocial model to a secondary place in medical practice, the broadening of the doctors perspective to encompass psychological and social aspects would be really beneficial for the patient, since as Engel [24] lucidly pointed out, even though both patient and doctor may culturally adhere to the biomedical model, the patients needs and ultimate criteria are always psychosocial. What Is the Biomedical Model? (wise geec) The biomedical model is a theoretical framework of illness that excludes psychological and social factors. Followers of this model instead focus only on biological factors such as bacteria or genetics. For example, when diagnosing an illness, most doctors do not first ask for a psychological or social history of the patient. The biomedical model is considered to be the dominant modern model of disease. According to this model, good health is the freedom from pain, disease or defect. It focuses on physical processes that affect health, such as the biochemistry, physiology and pathology of diseases. It does not take social or psychological factors into account. The biomedical model is often referred to in contrast with the biopsychosocial model. In 1977, George L. Engel published an article in the well-known journal Science that questioned the dominance of the biomedical model. He proposed the need for a new model that was more holistic. Although the biomedical model has remained the dominant model since that time, many fields, including medicine, nursing, sociology and psychology, use the biopsychosocial model at times. In recent years, some professionals have even begun to adopt a biopsychosocial-spiritual model, insisting that spiritual factors must be considered as well. Proponents of the biopsychosocial model look at biological factors when assessing and treating patients, just like users of the dominant model do. They also look at other areas of patients lives, however. Psychological factors include mood, intelligence, memory and perceptions. Sociological factors include friends, family, social class and environment. Those who examine spiritual factors also assess patients based on their beliefs about life and the possibility of a higher power. Scholars in disability studies describe a medical model of disability that is part of the general biomedical model. In this medical model, disability is an entirely physical occurrence. According to the medical model, being disabled is negative and can only be made better if the disability is cured and the person is made normal. Many disability rights advocates describe a social model of disability, which they prefer. This social model opposes the medical model. In the social model, disability is a difference neither good nor bad. Proponents of the social model see disability as a cultural construct. They point out that a persons experience of disability can decrease through environmental or societal changes, without the intervention of a professional and without the disability being cured. Explain the main determinants of health: age, sex and hereditary factors, lifestyle, housing, social class etc.: The determinants of health Introduction Many factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities. Whether people are healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment. To a large extent, factors such as where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level, and our relationships with friends and family all have considerable impacts on health, whereas the more commonly considered factors such as access and use of health care services often have less of an impact. The determinants of health include: the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the persons individual characteristics and behaviours. The context of peoples lives determine their health, and so blaming individuals for having poor health or crediting them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many of the determinants of health. These determinants-or things that make people healthy or not-include the above factors, and many others: Income and social status higher income and social status are linked to better health. The greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the differences in health. Education low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence. Physical environment safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health. Employment and working conditions people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working conditions Social support networks greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health. Culture customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health. Genetics inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Personal behaviour and coping skills balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with lifes stresses and challenges all affect health. Health services access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influences health Gender Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages. Success of NHS was also its Achilles heel demand increased The scale and nature of the problem: Incidents involving incorrect medication dosage Incidents involving the use of technical procedures A number of women became pregnant following failure of earlier sterilisations which had been carried out by laparoscope (keyhole surgery). The surgeon had attached the sterilisation clips to the wrong part of the Fallopian tube. Incidents involving failures in communication A man admitted to hospital for an arthroscopy (an exploratory operation) on his knees had a previous history of thrombosis (blood clots). This was noted by a nurse on his admission form, but was not entered on the operation form which had a section for risk factors and known allergies. The operation was carried out and the patient was discharged from hospital the same day. Given his history of thrombosis the patient should have been given anticoagulant drugs following his operation, but because his history had not been properly recorded none were given. Two days later he was admitted to the intensive care unit of another hospital with a blood clot in his lungs The impact of adverse events on individuals 2.15 Adverse events involve a huge personal cost to the people involved, both patients and staff. Many patients suffer increased pain, disability and psychological trauma. On occasions, when the incident is insensitively handled, patients and their families may be further traumatised when their experience is ignored, or where explanations or apologies are not forthcoming. The psychological impact of the event may be further compounded by a protracted, adversarial legal process. Staff may experience shame, guilt and depression after a serious adverse event, which may again be exacerbated by follow-up action. [20,21] 2.16 The effect of adverse events on patients, their families and staff is not sufficiently appreciated and more attention should be given to ways of minimising the impact of adverse events on all those involved. These issues, while of great importance, cannot be fully addressed within this report and may require separate attention, though we made some limited comment in the context of our discussion on litigation in chapter 4. Conclusion Information on the frequency and nature of adverse events in the NHS is patchy and can do no more than give an impression of the problem.   Information from primary care is particularly lacking; The financial costs of adverse events to the NHS are difficult to estimate but undoubtedly major probably in excess of  £2 billion a year; There is evidence of a range of different kinds of failure, and of the recurrence of identical incidents or incidents with similar root causes; Case studies highlight the consequences of weaknesses in the ability of the NHS as a system to learn from serious adverse events; There is a need for further work focusing specifically on how the impact of adverse events on patients, their families and staff can be minimised. From the cradle to the grave, increasing aging population etc: Britains population is ageing fast, with statisticians predicting a huge increase in the number of 100 year olds by the next century. With people living longer and longer because of medical and other advances, health experts believe the number of people suffering from debilitating conditions such as cancer and heart disease will grow and could mean a rising demand for nursing care. Health experts are worried that as people get older, they could become prone to an increasing number of debilitating conditions if they do not keep active. The WHO has launched a campaign to promote good health in old age. Doctors in the UK say people have an over-gloomy picture of old age and that there is no reason why they should have a lower quality of life than other people if they keep healthy. People do have anxiety that there will be a period of disability at the end of their lives. But there is no evidence that that is the case if they are encouraged to live a healthy life and this generation of elderly people are in better nick than the previous generation. Beating the ageing process Organisations which campaign for the elderly are in favour of policies which support old people to be as independent as possible and allow them more choice and power over their future. They say cuts in local authority and health budgets mean services like home helps have been whittled (cut) away. Without a boost in those services which support independence, there is likely to be increasing pressure on those that cater for dependence: our hospitals, nursing and residential homes. The organisation wants a national strategy which sets a framework that encourages independence and inclusion. It says that such a strategy would be much cheaper than putting people into care homes. They want to see a wider debate on issues such as who funds long-term care, rationing of care particularly in the light of increasing technological change, and health promotion. They argue that the present division between social and health services over long-term care is artificial and damaging. It means people in places funded by social services have to contribute towards their care costs, whereas those in places funded by the NHS get free care.

American Idiot :: essays research papers

The Song â€Å"American Idiot† by Green Day uses techniques to engage the audience to interoperate the issues. Green day through their style of music convey issues such as the medias over powering effect on society, greed and the division of the United States of American over political issues. Green Day’s negative stance on the issues through these techniques conveys the audience to agree with the main issues being focused. The media’s influence on society is a main issue, which is, portrayed though the lyrics. People believe a large quantity of information that is presented from news â€Å"One nation controlled by the media† and entertainment programs. The media is so powerful it can make the audience agree or disagree on whatever is being presented. Techniques are used such as repetition, which therefore positions the audience to lose trust in the media. Political issues such as the war on terrorism is evoked as an issue throughout the song. American was divided â€Å"All across the alien nation† when troops were sent to Iraq to search for weapons of mass destruction. Metaphorical language was used to explore the issue. Audience positioning from techniques indorse concerns with a country divided and positions them to feel the need to cooperate and sort things out other than civil unrest and debate. Paranoia is another issue, which grasps the audience’s attention because it connects with several tragic events. Green Day tries to link the fear of living in American after the terrorist attacks of two thousand and one â€Å"sing along in the age of paranoia† through their style of writing and positioning of words. Techniques used to help the audience interoperate the message convey was descriptive language while using a mocking tone. The audience is positioned from these techniques to understand that people should access the risk of terrorism because of decisions made from the American parliament.

Creating an Engaging Reading

If it’s tough to write it’s even tougher to write one that engaging, or is it? I have evidenced two types of writing that work for me. 1. Writing as execution of Play[wild-fire] 2. Writing as execution of Plan[following] The first one is my choice whether its philosophy or science, I prefer the first method. And to be engaging 1. It should start from the reader, creating a wonder in him 2. It should continue creating wonder. . . 3. It should be short, one-sitting reading. Now creating an engaging reading is very much a question of how to make people wonder and curious every time. And one can’t create wonder for the sake of it, only an insight can create that. Ie insight creates a broad POV with respect to the topic which can then be used to project it. Wild fire thinking is essential in this regard. And nothing comes out of thin air without thinking, so all in all it does takes time to make a really good engaging read, but that time is not addition to the thinking time? And the thought of making the really dry non fiction, makes it to get integrated with the fiction. And embodied metaphors are also worthy in this regard. In this regard a good writing comes out of play, just as the poet who said , one should keep writing and writing and writing till it causes, pain infact what he saying is that to let the mind to play and get some data which you can then organize and play the game. Can science be like that, can we make the objective data subjective. No matter what you are trying to say, if you are trying to make sense, make meaning then you must log on to philosophy, fiction, poetry because that what builds and inspires the meaning it’s not logic and reason as said in ‘Mind in society’ , ‘homo ludes’ and in ‘man play and games’. What does it mean to have an insight, to have an insight is to have an wonderful understanding of something, to have an unusual understanding of something, and the good news is its always a result of Play. Resumes, News papers atc are written to spread information while few others are written to spread the meaning. In such cases the best practice would to mirror the writer’s own mind as he writes. Articles written to spread the meaning are more engaging than the articles written to spread the info. Highly cited research articles regardless of their field are found in agreement with this. I. e the piece the writer writes should be a live recorded footage of his learning, so it’s a matter of play and a little game. Whatever that gets through his head while he is at play, Conversations, pictures, anecdotes etc would be the best thing and best order but one should be aware whether it’s authentic content or not. And one should decidedly remove stuff which is unauthentic in this regard. A good article/book will be reflection of writer’s learning, Writer’s learning as it happened. So writing is not different from learning and it’s not an extra burden as usually thought. Follow the sense, sound will follow: poet Follow the thought with pen, engaging reading will follow: Writer