The Mother and the Father Figures in Frank McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes

Angela’s Ashes is the bleak, humorous and very compelling memoir of the author’s childhood in Limerick, Ireland, during the Great Depression. The book is, at the same time, a historical account, a work of fiction and an autobiography. First and foremost however, Angela’s Ashes is a personal narrative that evokes the struggles of an individual growing up in adverse and dire conditions. The narrative focuses directly on the author’s childhood and adolescence, a time when the individual is much more prone to vulnerability and powerlessness. The story is so appealing to the reader precisely because it is filtered through the eyes of a child who is directly exposed to the abuse of social, economical and political forces that surpass his comprehension. Thus, the narrative functions as a deconstruction of the innocent and paradisiacal childhood. The child experiences the most abject forms of physical misery, hunger and illness as well as the permanent feeling of guilt and depression of being a burden to his own mother. The mother-son relationship described in the book is one of the most effective threads of the narrative, as it represents the way in which â€Å"amor matris† can be modified and received differently under the strain of very hard social circumstances. The most obvious form of abuse for the helpless child hero is the social and political context he is entrapped in. In 1935, Frank’s family flees Brooklyn because of the general poverty and deterioration that had spread in the United States during the Great Depression. After this inverse emigration to their homeland however, the family discovers an even grimmer and more disheartening poverty. In this context, the figure of a careless and drunken father and that of a defeated and abject mother are very potent realities for the child. Both of the parents are extremely powerful influences for the child and both of them function as ambivalent figures. Malachy, the father, who is supposed to offer support and stability to the poverty stricken family, is unreliable because of his inability to hold any job and because of his alcohol addiction. The fact that he completely deserts the family after leaving for England to find work is an addition to the negative influence he exerts. Frank and his brothers have to suffer because the father fails to offer them even minimal protection from the dire social realities of the day. At the same time however, he is also the one who tells his children the first folktales of Irish heroes, procuring them a slight comfort amidst the dire conditions of life and feeding their imagination and their hopes. The mother figure is also ambivalent. Frank both loves her and loathes her at the same time. He is moved by her devotion to her children and by her motherly love but he is also repulsed at times when he sees the contemptible and humiliating condition she brings herself to in order to save her family from starvation. Frank encounters his mother accidentally when she is begging in the streets to get the remains of the priests’ dinner and is shocked by her condition. Later on, when the family has to find shelter with a cousin named Laman Griffin, the child is again appalled when he discovers the sexual nature of the relationship that his mother has with Laman. These absurd and horrendous compromises that the mother has to make in order to be able to sustain her family inspire Frank with a permanent feeling of guilt at being he himself one of the objects of her sacrifice. The mother-son relationship is therefore marked by this need of an exaggerated proof of devotion and motherly love on the part of the mother. Angela is therefore a perfect instance of a mother’s powerful love for her children, and Frank McCourt points this out in his narrative in various ways. Given the circumstances of the family however, their relationship is more complex than that. The child is discomfited by the guilt of feeling as a burden to his mother, instead of being comforted by the warmth of a mother’s protective care. In the context of his tragic childhood, Frank feels even more poignantly the influence of his parents’ failures and qualities, at the same time.

An Analysis of Othello by William Shakespeare Essay

In the play â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare Iago plays the master manipulator and manages to deceive many of the other characters especially Othello and Cassio. It can be said that his motives are based solely on his insecurities due to the fact his goal in the play was to ruin Othello’s life. He does this by using psychological manipulation on Othello’s thoughts and makes him believe that Cassio and Desdemona are fond of each other. Which basically means that he targets anyone that brings out his insecurities, which gives him a reason to lash out and kill or harm these people, to make himself feel better. In the beginning of the play Iago makes it seem as if his hatred towards Othello is because he has made Cassio his lieutenant. As the play goes on you later realize that Iago’s hatred extends even more. â€Å"I hate the Moor, and it is thought abroad that ‘twixt my sheets, he has done my office: I know not if’t be true, but I, for mere suspicion in that kind, will do as if for surety.†. There seems to be some rumors about Othello and Iago’s wife Emilia, the rumors are that Othello and Emilia have slept together. In the quote above he states that he doesn’t care if the rumors are true and that he is going to proceed with his plan as if they are true. Throughout the play Iago constantly reminds himself of why he’s targeting Othello. â€Å"I do suspect the lusty Moor, Hath leap’d into my seat: the thought whereof, Doth, like a poisonous mineral, gnaw my inwards; And nothing can or shall content my soul, till I am even’d with him, wife for wife.† His hatred towards Cassio is more directed. Iago hates Cassio because he has gotten the position of lieutenant even with his lack of experience in the field as he is a more tactical creating strategies person. â€Å"More than a spinster, unless the bookish theoric†. Iago basically states that Cassio’s lack of manliness add to his hatred towards him. Each person in the play get manipulated in a way that only suits them. For example Roderigo is â€Å"blinded by his love for Desdemona, and is prepared to do anything to win her heat† this give Iago the advantage to take his weakness and use it against him. As innocent as Iago’s words seem Othello lets Iago’s manipulative words counteract with his thinking and this is where you could say he has officially planted the seed making sure he has  Othello’s ear. As Othello asks for proof Iago is once again able to manipulate Othello by making him hide and hear a conversation Iago has with Cassio. â€Å"Now will I question Cassio of Bianca, A housewife that by selling her desires, Buys herself bread and clothes. It is a creature, that dotes on Cassio, as ’tis the strumpet’s plague, To beguile many and be beguiled by one. He, when he hears of her, cannot refrain, From the excess of laughter. Here he comes.† Iago says this once Othello withdraws and once Cassio corners him starts discussing Bianca but allows Othello to believe they are discussing Desdemona. He whispers so Othello would not hear him and by doing that he agitates Othello and that causes him to be delusional. As mentioned before Cassio is also manipulated by Iago. The first way in which Cassio is deceived is when he get pressured into drinking and then starting a fight which consequently ruins Cassio’s reputation.† If I can fasten but one cup upon him, with that which he hath drunk tonight already, He’ll be as full of quarrel and offense, as my young mistress’ dog. Now my sick fool Roderigo, Whom love hath turned almost the wrong side out, To Desdemona hath tonight caroused, Potations pottle-deep, and he’s to watch. Three lads of Cyprus, noble swelling spirits, That hold their honors in a wary distance, The very elements of this warlike isle, Have I tonight flustered with flowing cups, And they watch too. Now ’mongst this flock of drunkards, Am I to put our Cassio in some action, That may offend the isle.† This is Iago’s soliloquy where he actually reveals his manipulative side. At first, Iago told Cassio he should drink on behalf of Othello although he knew that he did not want to and was not capable of it. Iago has manipulated Cassio to do something unethical. Othello and Cassio both get exploited by Iago because they both find honest, good friend and have a hard time judging character. Iago acts like he truly cares about Othello by giving him warning signs about Cassio. Iago also fools Cassio into thinking he cares whether he has a good time or not. Another way Iago manipulates Cassio is when he plants the handkerchief in Cassio’s chambers. â€Å"I know not neither, I found it in my chamber. I like the work well. Ere it be demanded, As like enough it will, I would have it copied. Take it and do ’t, and leave me for this time.†. Cassio says this when he gives it to Bianca. Cassio has no idea as to how the handkerchief got into his room. Iago left it there to set him up and make it seem as if he is having an affair with Desdemona. Iago exploits Cassio’s limited  knowledge since Cassio did not know that the handkerchief belong to Desdemona. In both scenarios Iago manipulates Othello and Iago by sugar coating the truth from them. Iago does feel better after manipulating the characters in the story this is shown throughout the story as Iago manipulates and controls every other character so well that they seem like puppets that he controls. At the end of the play, Iago’s manipulation has left a trail of destruction that has killed Othello and Cassio, as well others and has destroyed the lives of many who remain. The motivations and ideas Iago has are very deceptive and cunning, and his ability to influence is very amazing. Iago’s actions define of a man who will stop at nothing until he exacts revenge on everyone who he feels has threaten him in one way or another. Shakespeare has presented Iago as a kind and noble soldier he has also been known as honest Iago, this showing that everyone is not as what they seem on the outside. Already knowing that Iago has a hatred for his superior Othello and now Cassio â€Å"Thou told’st me thou didst hold him in thy hate,† Said Roderigo. â€Å"D espise me if I do not,† Iago replies. This during the opening scenes in the play. Iago fools Othello by providing â€Å"ocular† proof but didn’t allow him to listen or understand properly. As for Cassio, he used his friendship to plant the handkerchief. Both Othello and Cassio are naà ¯ve have a hard time judging character, are too proud to believe that someone is fooling them and their limited knowledge as to what was going on around them allows Iago to Successfully in the end manipulate the mind of Othello and sent him insane and left Cassio in a situation that he didn’t belong in. Othello and Cassio were both victims of Iago’s manipulation due to the fact that they had something Iago did not. Bibliography William, S. (01.22.14). Othello. Great Britain. Oxford University. Jonathan, L. (28.01.2010). How does Iago manipulate different characters in order to achieve his aims? Othello. Retrieved (02.27.2014), from http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/english/how-does-iago-manipula te-different-characters-in-order-to-achieve-his-aims.html The Theme of Deception in William Shakespeare’s Othello. Retrieved (02.27.2014), from https://sites.google.com/site/thethemeofdeception/home Joshua, A. (2013). Protestant epistemology and Othello’s consciousness. Retrieved (03.01.14), from Gale Academic One File.

Depression - 975 Words

One of the scariest emotional experiences a person can ever suffer during their lifetime is to experience a form of depression. Over one in five Americans can expect to get some form of depression in their lifetime. Over one in twenty Americans have a depressive disorder every year. Depression is one of the most common and most serious mental health problems facing people today. However, depression is often not taken seriously because of the large use of antidepressant drugs and the large number of sufferers. Depression is a serious illness and should be taken as so. Contrary to the popular misconceptions about depression today, it is a serious and deadly disorder.1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Depression in its various forms (insomnia,†¦show more content†¦Neurotransmitters involved in depression include norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. An imbalance of hormones may also play a role in depression. Many depressed people have higher than normal levels of hydrocortisone, a hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress. In addition, an underactive or overactive thyroid gland can lead to depression.4 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Psychological theories of depression focus on the way people think and behave. Some theories emphasize the role irrational though processes. It states that depresses people tend to view themselves, their environment, and the future in a negative light because of errors in thinking. These errors include focusing on the negative aspects of any situation misinterpreting facts in negative ways, and blaming themselves for any misfortune. In another view it is said that people with â€Å"depressive† personality traits appear to be more vulnerable than others to actual depression. Examples of depressive personality traits include gloominess, pessimism, introversion, self-criticism, deep feelings of inadequacy, and excessive brooding and worrying. People who regularly behave in dependent, hostile, and impulsive ways appear at greater risk for depression. Psychologists also believe that stressful experiences can trigger depression in people who are predisposed to the illness.Show MoreRelatedDepression : Depression And Depression927 Words   |  4 Pagesthe word Depression. Now that I am older I know not to use that term so loosely because depression is a disorder that is very serious. According to the Mayo Clinic Depression, also known as major depressive disorder is a mood disorder that causes a feeling of sadness and a loss of interest. Depression can cause physical problems because it affects how you think along with how you act. For example, you may not want to do activities that you normally would, due to this disorder. 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In reality, there have been many discussions done and research studies completed on depression to see whether or not it is genetically passed down or learned through experiences/influences. I think it is safe to say that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in depression. InRead MoreA Brief Note On Depression And The Depression2842 Words   |  12 Pages Robyn Lawhorn July 11, 2015 Psychology 100 Mrs. Fischer Hours Worked: 22 Major depression, also known as unipolar depression, is one of the most common mental illnesses. Over nine million adults each year suffer from depression. Many people don’t understand what depression really is, including myself until I did a lot of research over this subject. Major depression is more than a temporary state of being sad. It is a persistent state that can significantly impair an individual’s thoughtsRead MoreDepression Essay : The Causes And Effects Of Youth Depression1566 Words   |  7 PagesCauses and Effects of Youth Depression Most individuals spend a short downcasted period in their lives, but some individuals experience an extended period of dejection. This may be the cause of depression. Depression is a mental disorder that feeds on the negative self-evaluation of an individual. Eventually the individual is blinded of any positivity in their life by the overwhelming pessimistic views of a situation, continuing the cycle. Awareness of adult depression is substantial, but unprogressive

The Forbidden Facts Regarding Operant Conditioning Essay Samples Uncovered by an Expert

The Forbidden Facts Regarding Operant Conditioning Essay Samples Uncovered by an Expert Conditioning has been quite helpful to psychologists and social workers who wish to effect behavior. Operant conditioning doesn't necessarily always supply the outcome you desire whether the kid will not go along with it. It is a totally different approach compared to Classical Conditioning. On the flip side, classical conditioning entails involuntary and automated behavior. Aspirants who want to make an application for the training programs can fill the on-line application form. The animal trainers usually create an exceptional secondary reinforcer referred to as a bridge that's a stimulus that's been linked with a main reinforcer by classical conditioning. In more specific provisions, it's a type of classical conditioning therapy that's made by Joseph Wolpe who's a South African psychiatrist. Since psychological problems are believed to be associated with chemical imbalances in the brain, drug therapy is an important treatment here. The cognitive perspective has resulted in an important qualification concerning the ability of rewards. Attachment was learnt, Dollard and Millar the two important psychologists then used what's called a secondary hypothesis to spell out the procedure for learning an attachment through both conditioning theories that are operant and classical. At our essay support, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. In a ddition, we control various forms of academic essay. But there was one other significant part the experiment. A superb illustration is when a parent agrees with their child that should they don't find excellent grades they will pay the parent a particular sum of money. They would be put in a box called the Skinner box. In this instance the dog will come to take into consideration sound of the bell whenever it's rung. The kid is probably going to perform better by working hard to find great grades. In the case of positive reinforcement, if he or she does not get good grades he or she will not lose anything. In this case, he or she may lose the privilege of watching his favorite television show. Things You Won't Like About Operant Conditioning Essay Samples and Things You Will Operant conditioning is a kind of learning where somebody's actions are reinforced or punished. There are various ways to treat and cure phobias. A secondary positive reinforcer is something that the man or animal must learn how to like. Therefore, things like motivation, disease and injury may not be thought to be a type of learning. Therefore, such individuals will always be ready to do good things. Sally suggested a change in the way in which the behaviour was rewarded. Operant behaviours are learned and are activated in order to obtain reward or to prevent punishment. This type of a behavior can likewise be utilized to alter the behavior of children. What Is So Fascinating About Operant Conditioning Essay Samples? For responses to be reinforced, information should be shown in little amounts. The very first is named Desensitization. Operant principles are applied in an assortment of settings. On the flip side, negative reinforcement has different forms of rewards and may also be effective. The 2 kinds of conditioning apply appropriately to marketing inside this maximization endeavor. In marketing, operant conditioning is intended to attain customer satisfaction. There are several different schedules of reinforcement you'll be able to follow. This approach resulted in the ABC model of behaviour administration. Operant conditioning theory may be used to change behavior. Utilizing operant conditioning techniques is a traditional process of modifying the behavior of kids and animals and this form of conditioning behavior modification can typically be observed in everyday life on a normal basis. According to Lee (2005), another weakness is related to the assumption that positive reinforcement will cause higher frequency of occurrence of the specific behavior, and that negative reinforcement will cause the decrease in frequency of occurrence of the specific behavior. Most individuals believe positive reinforcement is more effective because somebody is more inclined to repeat a behavior if there's a reward involved. For each behavior, there's a consequence. There are three primary categories reinforcement factors.

Everyman and the Bible Exploring Good Deeds, Faith, and...

God has become angry with his people. He complains in the fifteenth century English play Everyman about humans and their obsession with material items, riches, and wealth. Men and women, he feels, have taken for granted their blessings. God wants to reprimand Everyman for his sinful life and sends Death to summon him. At the beginning of the allegorical work where figures and actions symbolize general truths, a messenger shares God’s concerns. The messenger tells the audience to watch and listen closely to the morality play so they can learn a lesson about life. Everyman fears Death, and he desires to know what one must do to earn salvation and enter heaven. The writer then implies that the way to achieve salvation is by doing good works.†¦show more content†¦Doing good deeds are an important part of the Christian life, but they do not grant an entrance into God’s kingdom. Everyman, as a morality play, does still have some Biblical truth and teaches a valuable lesson about life. Thomas J. Jambeck describes Everyman as a Bernadine humanism work, a work in which a man acts as â€Å"an active agent in the work of his own redemption† (109). William Munson echoes this idea, writing that Bernadine humanism gives emphasis to a persons motive, which is the reason why a person acts the way he does (252). Both authors agree that if knowledge is what a person uses to influence his or her actions, then good works in Everyman become the play’s central theme. Knowing what to do and doing it are necessary to accomplish good works (Munson 257-58). Everyman shows the importance of Knowledge and Good Deeds acting together when he plurally addresses them when he says, now friends, let us not part in twain (Line 651). Good works become the result of the two working together. Since man has fallen after Adam and Eves original sin, Murdow William McRae argues that a true Christian must cooperate with grace; that is, he must live well in the life of grace in order to achieve heaven (723). This statement implies that good works save people from hell and allow them to dwell eternally with God. When Everyman learns of his pending death and judgment, he makes an effort to change his lifestyle. Since he does not have a

Maintaining Patient Safety Through Hand Hygiene Free Samples

Question: Why to Maintaining Patient Safety Through Hand Hygiene? Answer: Introducation: In the hospital environment, hand hygiene is imperative in preventing germs to ensure patient safety. Health care workers and clinicians can transfer germs to patients in hospital through their hands. Most studies and reports show that the rate of infections can reduce due to theimprovement of hygiene among the health workers. The health and safety of the patient are threatened when they interact with health workers who in most situations do not maintain good health standard (Abdella, Tefera Alene, 2014). When such cases and situationsarise, the nurses should know how to deal with them. The paper discusses the relationship between patient safety and hand hygiene. The paper will also provide incidences of safety that affected the patient and the role that the nurses take in managing these risks. When a patient is infected in the hospitals, there is an increase in morbidity and the cost of healthcare (Luangasanatip, Hongsuwan Cooper, 2015) In most cases, this happenswhen the germs are transferred from the healthworkers to the patients.Improving the hygiene of the hands been seen as one of the ways in which the patient's safety and infections can be reduced. However, these can only be successful if the health workers are willing to abide by the health standards before they can attend any patient. Health workers especially the nurses are always in contact with the patients (Marimuthu, Pittet Harbarth, 2014). The equipmentsthat the nurses use in cleaning their hands before handling the patient usually is meant to kill germs and reduce the spreading of diseases. Additionally, germs that have been spread from one patient to another can lead to the patient developing more illnesses due to additional germs, therefore threatening the patientsafety (Murni Soenarto, 2014). The patie nts condition can also worsen due to the invasion of new germs; within the hospital environment, maintaining the hygiene standards is very vital. Hand hygiene includes disinfecting the hands using alcohol, medicated soap,and washing the hands. Using soap that is disinfectant free will not be an effective way of maintaining proper hygiene as it does not have the elements of keeping the hands germ-free. Alcohol can be used as a strong antiseptic solution (Nair, Siraj Raghunath, 2014). This is because it contains antimicrobialelements. Due to this element, it can be said to be one of the fastest ways of disinfecting since the alcohol dries fast making it possible for the nurse to handle more patient within a short span of time. Antiseptic has to be used prior and after handling the patient. Thehealth workers and people who most of the time or are not in contact with the patient should also maintain good hygiene standards which are important for the wellbeing of the patient. A good example of that staff is people who prepare the meals for the patients (Shinde Mohite, 2014). Some situations may arise where a nurses lack of hand hygiene can cause a threat to the safety of the patient. During my practice as a nurse, I got to see a nurse who did not adhere to hand hygiene standards. As she was dressing a patient who had open wounds she did not maintain hygiene. She failed to put on a clean medical pair of gloves and plainly washed it without using a disinfectant to kill the germs present. She went ahead to put the old bandage previously used to dress the patient on the floor instead of disposing it in a plastic bag and setting it aside to avoid contaminating the scene.On her way out she saw a patient with some discomfort on the bed and she went to help the patient stay in a better sleeping position. She did this disregarding the fact that her hands could have been contaminated while attending to the previous patient. Open wounds are likely to have dirt and debris and as the nurse was dressing the wound her hands could have picked on some germs considering t he fact that she was not in any medical gloves and she failed to use a disinfectant when dressing the open wound. In addition, she failed to disinfect her already contaminated hands with an antiseptic before handling another patient. By doing so, she transferred the germs from the first patient to the other. Therefore, the health of the other patient was put at risk. Touching the other patient with dirty hands may transfer the germs to their skin and cause it to be infected. The patient is more likely to contact more illness or his or her condition may worsen. In case such a situation was to arise in future, where I have just attended a patient and then realize that another one required my help, the first thought that would come into my mind would be to first disinfect my hands before I attend tothem. If there is the presence of a nursewho would be in a better position to attend to the patient, I would ask him or her to first attend to the patient as I disinfect my hands. While dressing open wounds I would stick to the hygiene guidelines to avoid transferring germs from one patient to another and advice fellow colleagues to follow suit. Nurses should prioritize hand hygiene before coming into contact with any patient.In such cases, I will ensure that I disinfect my hands before and after attending any patient to get rid of any germs picked from the patients. One of the ethics of a registered nurse is to ensure that the patients safety is maintained throughout their treatment. In the above case, thenurses have the responsibility of maintaining and managing good hygiene. Among the health workers, (White, Jimmieson Martin, 2015) the nurses are the ones that do spend most of the time with the patient. They should detect any errors, near misses, and identify care processes that exist within the system that can be a threat to the patients safety. In the above case study, the nurses needed to be more informed in on the proper hygiene of handling the patient. Identifying the proper processes, the nurse would have known the best action to tale after knowing the mistake that she had committed and take proper hygiene measures. Weaknesses in the systems of the hospital may prevent the nurses from taking the right measures of hygiene (White Brain, 2015). It is the responsibility of the nurses to adhere to the systems that have been put to ensure the safety of the patients in the hospital. Howeverthese systems can also be a hindrance to the nurse's efforts in trying to maintain the patient's safety. The nurses should take upon themselves to inform the hospital of any shortcomings of these systems to allow them to deliver good services. Aconvenient system would have helped in the above case study. This is by ensuring the nurses have sanitizers and disinfectantsthat they carry with them in their pockets. Disinfectants can also be put in strategic places in the hospital (Smiddy, O'Connell Creedon, 2015). In the case study, if the nurse had disinfectant within their reach, she would have performed good hygiene. Cases of health-related issues resulting from poor hand washing practices are on the increase. In reducing this health risks, nurses have the responsibility to come up with useful and applicable health strategies. One of the strategies that can be utilized to reduce these risks is by informing and educating the public on the importance of hand washing. In addition, nurses should be self- managed in order to take responsibility for ones actions. In this case, reduction of health risks depends on the nurses competence, experience, training, and determination in the profession. Nurses need to be self-driven in regards to accountability and learning in the course their professional practice. Hence, it is appropriate for nurses to help their patients adjust their lifestyles and adopt good hygiene practices like hand washing in order to minimize infections and other related health complications. Overall, hand hygienerefers to the process of removing germs and other microorganisms from the hands by the use of disinfectants. Disinfectants that can be used for hand hygiene include water, alcohol, or soap. The use of these disinfectants is the ideal way of minimizing or reducing infections. According to Rischbieth (2016), infections account for over 80, 000 deaths annually in the United States. According to the article, roughly 1.4 million people globally are suffering from health issues related to infections. Between five and ten percent of patients in developed countries acquire infections. However, with adequate hand hygiene, such infections can be prevented successfully. According to the research conducted by Grol et al. (2010), the use of hand antiseptics can get rid of ninety-nine percentage of infections. Therefore, in order to get rid of these infections, adequate hand hygiene is vital in order to maintain patient safety. The essay seeks to discuss the importance of hand hygiene and the leadership role of nurses in managing such risks. In conclusion, 80,000 deaths have been linked to infections annually in the UnitedStates. According to WHO, between 5% and 10% suffer from healthcare associated infections.15% to 40% that are in critical care are said to be affected by hand hygiene infections. Through good hand hygiene,this infection can be prevented. A study has also shown that by using hand antisepsis, these infections can be reduced. Good hand hygiene ensures the safety of the patient. The health workers have the responsibility of ensuring that their patients are safe and receive quality health services. Patients can be at risk due to poor hand hygiene by the nurses and health workers. This is the reason that these workers should maintain good hand hygiene. References Abdella, N. M., Tefera, Alene, K. A. (2014). Hand hygiene compliance and associated factors among health care providers in Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, North West Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 96. Graves, N., Page, K., Martin, E., Barnett, A. G. (2016). Cost-effectiveness of a national initiative to improve hand hygiene compliance using the outcome of healthcare associated staphylococcus aureusbacteraemia. PloS one, 11(2), e0148190. Luangasanatip, N., Hongsuwan, M. Cooper, B. S. (2015). Comparative efficacy of interventions to promote hand hygiene in hospital: asystematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ, 351, h3728. Marimuthu, K., Pittet, D., Harbarth, S. (2014). The effect of improved hand hygiene on nosocomial MRSA control.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 3(1), 34. Murni, I. K., Soenarto, Y. (2014). Reducing hospital-acquired infections and improving the rational use of antibiotics in a developing country: an effectiveness study. Archives of disease in childhood, archdischild-2014. Nair, S. S., Siraj, M. A., Raghunath, P. (2014). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand hygiene among medical and nursing students at a tertiary health care center in Raichur, India. ISRN preventive medicine, 2014. Smiddy, M. P., O'Connell, R., Creedon, S. A. (2015).A systematic qualitative literature review of health care workers' compliance with hand hygiene guidelines.American journal of infection control, 43(3), 269-274. Shinde, M. B., Mohite, V. R. (2014).A study to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of five moments of hand hygiene among nursing staff and students at a tertiary care hospital at Karad. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 3(2), 311-321. Srigley, J. A. Garber, G. (2015). Applying psychological frameworks of behavior change to improve healthcare worker hand hygiene: a systematic review. Journal of Hospital Infection, 91(3), 202-210. White, K. M., Jimmieson, N. L. Martin, E. (2015).Using a theory of planned behavior framework to explore hand hygiene beliefs at the 5 critical moments among Australian hospital-based nurses. BMC health services research, 15(1), 59. White, K. M. Brain, D. (2015). Understanding the determinants of Australian hospital nurses hand hygiene decisions following the implementation of a national hand hygiene initiative.Health education research, 30(6), 959-970. Wetzker, W., Pilarski, G. Reichardt, C. (2016). Compliance with hand hygiene: reference data from the national hand hygiene campaign in Germany. Journal of Hospital Infection, 92(4), 328-331.

Navy Ncdu Teams Essays - Military Engineering,

Navy Ncdu Teams The Teams On the beach invasions of Normandy, one of the marines commented, Jesus, we dont even have control of the beach yet and already the tourist are here!. This is the normal response that the men of UDT get, during WWII in the pacific campaign. They would paint themselves with steaks of blue and white. They were the first ones on the beach and the last ones to leave. They carried no weapons except for a combat knife used for cutting, and crimping the fuses of their explosives. Some say that you would have to be half nuts and half fish to join the UDT. But, besides being courageous and saving the lives of many a thankful marine(although they will not admit it) the UDT did something historical that NO HISTORY BOOK for that matter has cared to mention. They launched the United States into a whole new type of warfare, consisting of underwater commandos who could rise up out of the water and devastate an enemy, and disappear just as fast, or slip onto an enemy held beach, undetected, and bring back almost any type of information you needed. The latter probably saved hundreds upon thousands of marines lives alone. My report will show you the mysterious, and secret world of the UDT. The first Naval Combat Demolition Unit started with thirteen volunteers who were near the end of their basic training in the Dynamiting and Demolition School at Camp Perry, Virginia. They were sent to the Naval Amphibious Training Base at Solomon Island, Maryland, in Chesapeake Bay where they were joined by other enlisted demolition men and eight officers. Lieutenant Fred Wise from the Sea Bees (Construction Battalions) was designated Officer in Charge. They were given a quick, intensive course in blowing channels through sandbars with explosive hose, and in working from rubber boats to place explosive charges on underwater obstacles which had been modeled by Army engineers. Then they sailed for the assault on Sicily. Twenty-one men under LT Wise debarked from three attack cargo ships off Scoglitti, Sicily, on the morning of July 10, 1943 and waited patiently for orders that never came. The landing waves either found enough water over the sandbars or used alternative beaches. For the next two days the demolition units did useful work salvaging stranded boats, buoying channels through the sandbars, and surveying the beaches. Then they shipped back to the States. Most of this first group stayed in the Naval Combat Demolition Units as instructors, proceeding to the Naval Amphibious Training Base in Fort Pierce, Florida for the tougher training which was just getting underway in accordance with a directive from Admiral J. King, who was both Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet, and Chief of Naval Operation. His directive was in two parts: providing men for 'a present urgent requirement' of the Amphibious Forces, Atlantic Fleet; and starting experimental work and training for permanent Naval Demolition Units for assignment to other amphibious forces. (Above info from Naked Warriors by CDR Francis Fane.) Another result of that directive was a telegram sent the same night to Lieutenant Commander Draper L. Kauffman, founder and head of the Navy Bomb Disposal School, recalling him to Washington. LT Kauffman was giving the responsibility for launching the Navy's underwater demolition. Lieutenant Draper L. Kauffman was a remarkable man and uniquely qualified for the job. After graduating from the Naval Academy, his poor eyesight precluded his being commissioned. Frustrated but determined to join the war effort, he donned a French uniform and became a driver in the American Volunteers Ambulance Corps. He was captured by the Germans and spent time in a prison camp but was freed with a handful of other American drivers. Undaunted, Kauffman volunteered for mine disposal with the British Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve. His skill and bravery disarming bombs for the British won the attention of U.S. Navy where he was at last commissioned in the U.S. Naval Reserve in 1941. In June of 1943 at Fort Pierce, Florida, the first class arrived and assembled for training. The personnel were drawn from three sources, primarily because it was reasonably expected that men from the Construction Battalions, the Bomb Disposal School and the Mine